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The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), is an Indian government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Special and Local Laws (SLL). NCRB is headquartered in New Delhi and is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India.
Background
Priorities of the Police have changed to maintenance of law and order, check of Militant and Organised Criminal Gangs, maintenance of VIP Security and Handle Dharna and Rallies by Trade Union and Political Party. Rate of Crime have increased and activities of Criminal has widened due to use of better communication system and transport. There is neither staff nor time for maintenance of Crime Records manually. Harnessing and exchange of Information on Criminal operating in neighbouring Police Stations, Districts and State has become next to impossible. The need was felt to do away this manual maintenance of records and manual sharing of information on the Crime & Criminal of Inter-District and Inter-State nature. The computerization and computer network of Crime Criminal records and the Police Computer Network was considered only viable alternative.
Committee on Crime Records - 1978
In 1978, the Committee was set up to review the existing crime records and associated procedures and to recommend changes with a view to enable the police forces to meet the present day requirements of crime and criminal information.
Accepting the recommendations of the National Police Commission - 1977, the Ministry of Home Affairs constituted a Task Force in 1985 to work out the modalities for setting up of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). The Government accepted the recommendations of the Task Force and constituted the NCRB with headquarters at New Delhi in January, 1986
As per the government Resolution dated 11.3.1986 the following objectives were set for the NCRB:
To function as a clearing house of information on crime and criminals including those operating at National and International levels so as to assists the investigators, and others in linking crimes to their perpetrators.
To store, coordinate and disseminate information on inter-state and international criminals from and to respective States, national investigating agencies, courts and prosecutors in India without having to refer to the Police Station records.
To collect and process crime statistics at the National level.
To receive from and supply data to penal and correctional agencies for their tasks of rehabilitation of criminals, their remand, parole, premature release etc.
To coordinate, guide and assist the functioning of the State Crime Records Bureaux
To provide training facilities to personnel of the Crime Records bureaux, and
To evaluate, develop and modernise crime Records Bureaux
Executive and develop computer based systems for the Central Police Organisations - and also cater to their data processing and training needs for computerization.
To function as the National storehouse of fingerprint (FP) records of convicted persons including FP records of foreign criminals.
To help trace inter state criminals by fingerprint search.
To advise Central and State Governments on matters related to fingerprints and footprints, and to conduct training courses for finger print experts.
The NCRB, at present, functions through:
CCTNS
Central Finger Print Bureau
Statistical Branch
Training Branch
Data Centre and Technical Branch
Crime in India 2018 Report - NCRB
The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) published the annual Crime in India Report 2018. It shows the crime statistics in the country between 2017 and 2018.
NCRB has also released Accidental Death and Suicides in India 2018 report which outlines death and suicide statistics of the country.
The first edition of 'Crime in India' pertains to the year 1953 and the latest edition of the report pertains to the year 2018. This is the oldest and the most prestigious publication brought out by NCRB. The data for the report is collected by State Crime Records Bureaux (SCRBx) from the District Crime Records Bureaux (DCRBx). Data on megacities are also collected.
Key Findings
1. A total of 50,74,634 cognizable crimes comprising 31,32,954 Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes and 19,41,680 Special & Local Laws (SLL) crimes were registered in 2018.
2. During 2018, registration of cases under IPC has increased by 2.3%
3. A total of 29,017 cases of murder were registered during 2018, showing an increase of 1.3% over 2017
4. A total of 1,05,734 cases of kidnapping & abduction were registered during 2018, showing an increase of 10.3% over 2017
5. The crime rate per lakh population has come down from 388.6 in 2017 to 383.5.
6. In 2017 the crime rate per lakh women population was 57.9, but there has been an increase in 2018, the crime rate stood at 58.8.
7. In 2017, the crime rate per lakh children was 28.9, however, it has increased to 31.8 per lakh children in 2018.
8. Crime Against Women: The rise has been observed in 2018 compared to 2017.
Uttar Pradesh topped the list followed by Maharashtra and West Bengal.
Delhi tops the list among the metropolitan cities.
Cruelty by husband or his relatives (31.9%) followed by an assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty (27.6%) constituted the major share of crimes against women.
9. Suicides: The total number of people who committed suicide in 2018 has increased from 2017.
The highest number of suicide victims were daily wage earners comprising 22.4% of such deaths.
Maximum of the suicides were reported from Maharashtra followed by Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.
Farm sector workers accounted for 7.7 % of the total number of suicides in the country.
West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Goa, Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep and Puducherry reported zero suicides by farmers/cultivators and agricultural labourers.
10. Under Economic offences - forgery, cheating, and fraud accounted for maximum such cases, with 1,34,546 cases
Uttar Pradesh accounted for the maximum number of economic offences followed by Telangana and Bihar.
11. Violence due to Riots: Riot cases due to communal, political, agrarian and student issues declined but riots arising out of industrial and water disputes rose sharply.
12. SC/ST related crimes: The incidents registered under the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes related Acts observed a decline in 2018 from 2017.
13. During 2018, 55.2% of cyber-crime cases registered were for the motive of fraud.
14. A total of 3,47,524 persons were reported missing in 2018.
15. A total of 2,57,243 notes worth Rs.17,95,36,992 were seized under Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICN) during 2018.
16. As per Narcotics Control Bureau, a total of 49,450 cases were registered for drugs seizure in which 60,156 persons (including foreigners) were arrested during 2018
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